Redundancy version indication in fifth generation (5g) or other next generation communication systems

ABSTRACT

An adaptive downlink control channel structure is utilized for control channel transmission for 5G and other next generation wireless systems. Moreover, the adaptive downlink control channel structure can utilize a reduced length/size to decrease signaling overhead for each transport block. In an aspect, a first downlink control channel structure for a data transmission can be utilized to implicitly indicate redundancy version (RV) and a second downlink control channel structure for a subsequent data transmission can be utilized to explicitly indicate the RV. In another aspect, the RV can be indicative via an adaptive bit load. Further, in yet another aspect, the RV can be indicated based on a joint encoding of RV and new data indicator (NDI) information.

RELATED APPLICATION

The subject patent application is a continuation of, and claims priorityto, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/932,240, filed Feb. 16, 2018,and entitled “REDUNDANCY VERSION INDICATION IN FIFTH GENERATION (5G) OROTHER NEXT GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS,” the entirety of whichapplication is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject disclosure relates to wireless communications, e.g.,redundancy version indication in fifth generation (5G) or other nextgeneration communication systems.

BACKGROUND

Data communication is prone to errors due to various factors such as,traffic congestion, delay, packet drop, non-receipt of acknowledgements,signaling factors, etc. In one example, forward error correction (FEC)is utilized to prevent these errors. When forward error correction isapplied to an information block, additional parity bits, that are addedto the information bits, are utilized to protect the information bitswhen passed through a communication channel. Based on the performance inadditive white Gaussian channels (AWGN), conventional third generationpartnership project (3GPP) systems utilize low-density parity check(LDPC) codes as the channel coding scheme for encoding a data channel indownlink and uplink direction. The LDPC codes are a class of linearblock codes, wherein the parity check matrix is sparse (e.g., having alow density). When iterative decoding is applied at the receiver, thesecodes are known to perform close to Shannon capacity with reduceddecoding complexity. The accuracy of control channel reception can beimproved by utilizing more parity bits for encoding the control channelpayload. However, increasing the reliability by adding more parity bitscan substantially increase a signaling overhead of the control channeland decrease the number resource elements utilized for datatransmission. This in turn reduces the throughput and the capacity ofthe communication system.

To meet the huge demand for data centric applications, Third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) systems and systems that employ one or moreaspects of the specifications of the Fourth Generation (4G) standard forwireless communications will be extended to a Fifth Generation (5G)standard for wireless communications. Unique challenges exist to providelevels of service associated with forthcoming 5G, or other nextgeneration, standards for wireless communication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example is an example message sequence flow chartthat can facilitate downlink data transfer.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example system that transmits a control signalthat adheres to an adaptive downlink control channel structure.

FIG. 3 illustrates example adaptive downlink control channel structuresin accordance with an aspect of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example graph that depicts the frame erasure rate(FER) for downlink control information (DCI) transmission utilizingdifferent data structures.

FIG. 5 illustrates example payload structures in accordance with thesubject embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example DCI structure that utilizes a jointencoding of redundancy version (RV) and new data indicator (NDI) fieldsin accordance with the subject embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example system that receives a control signal thatadheres to an adaptive downlink control channel structure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example method that facilitates a transmission ofa control signal via an adaptive downlink control channel for RVindication.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example method for indicating RV using an adaptivedownlink control channel.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example method for indicating RV using anadaptive payload structure.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example method for indicating RV using jointencoding of RV and NDI within a data structure.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example system for coding a physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH), according to an aspect of the disclosure

FIG. 13 illustrates an example block diagram of a user equipmentoperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates wirelesscommunications according to one or more embodiments described herein.

FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a computer operable to executethe disclosed communication architecture.

FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a computing environmentin accordance with the subject specification

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more embodiments are now described with reference to thedrawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to likeelements throughout. In the following description, for purposes ofexplanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the various embodiments. It may be evident,however, that the various embodiments can be practiced without thesespecific details, e.g., without applying to any particular networkedenvironment or standard. In other instances, well-known structures anddevices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitatedescribing the embodiments in additional detail.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system,”“interface,” “node,” “platform,” “server,” “controller,” “entity,”“element,” “gateway,” or the like are generally intended to refer to acomputer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution or an entity related to anoperational machine with one or more specific functionalities. Forexample, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a processrunning on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a threadof execution, computer-executable instruction(s), a program, and/or acomputer. By way of illustration, both an application running on acontroller and the controller can be a component. One or more componentsmay reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a componentmay be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. As another example, an interface can comprise input/output(I/O) components as well as associated processor, application, and/orAPI components.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement one or moreaspects of the disclosed subject matter. An article of manufacture canencompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readabledevice or computer-readable storage/communications media. For example,computer readable storage media can comprise but are not limited tomagnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips. . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk(DVD) . . . ), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick,key drive . . . ). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognizemany modifications can be made to this configuration without departingfrom the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the word “example” or “exemplary” is used herein to meanserving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or designdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use ofthe word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concretefashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to meanan inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unlessspecified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” isintended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, ifX employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs Aor B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition,the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appendedclaims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singularform.

Moreover, terms like “user equipment,” “communication device,” “mobiledevice,” “mobile station,” and similar terminology, refer to a wired orwireless communication-capable device utilized by a subscriber or userof a wired or wireless communication service to receive or convey data,control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-streamor signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably inthe subject specification and related drawings. Data and signalingstreams can be packetized or frame-based flows. Further, the terms“user,” “subscriber,” “consumer,” “customer,” and the like are employedinterchangeably throughout the subject specification, unless contextwarrants particular distinction(s) among the terms. It should be notedthat such terms can refer to human entities or automated componentssupported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to makeinference based on complex mathematical formalisms), which can providesimulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

The systems and methods disclosed herein relate to communication systemsthat can indicate redundancy version in using an adaptive controlchannel structure (e.g., uplink control channel and/or downlink controlchannel). Typically, a transport block is divided into smaller size codeblocks, referred to as code block segmentation, before being encoded bya parity check code. In one aspect, the parity check code is asystematic code, such as but not limited to a low-density parity check(LDPC) code. The parity check code adds parity bits to protect theinformation bits. The accuracy of control channel reception (e.g., by areceiver, for example a user equipment (UE)) can be increased byutilizing more parity bits for encoding the control channel payload.However, increasing the reliability by adding more parity bits cansubstantially increase a signaling overhead of the control channel anddecrease the number resource elements utilized for data transmission.This in turn reduces the throughput and the capacity of thecommunication system. The systems and methods disclosed herein reducethe signaling overhead of the control channels by reducing the number ofbits utilized to transmit a redundancy version (RV).

It should be noted that although various aspects and embodiments havebeen described herein in the context of 5G, universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMTS), and/or long term evolution (LTE), orother next generation networks, the disclosed aspects are not limited to5G, a UMTS implementation, and/or an LTE implementation as thetechniques can also be applied in 3G, 4G, or LTE systems. For example,aspects or features of the disclosed embodiments can be exploited insubstantially any wireless communication technology. Such wirelesscommunication technologies can include UMTS, code division multipleaccess (CDMA), Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access(WiMAX), general packet radio service (GPRS), enhanced GPRS, thirdgeneration partnership project (3GPP), LTE, third generation partnershipproject 2 (3GPP2) ultra mobile broadband (UMB), high speed packet access(HSPA), evolved high speed packet access (HSPA+), high-speed downlinkpacket access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Zigbee,or another IEEE 802.XX technology. Additionally, substantially allaspects disclosed herein can be exploited in legacy telecommunicationtechnologies.

As used herein, “5G” can also be referred to as New Radio (NR) access.Accordingly, systems, methods, and/or machine-readable storage media forfacilitating improved communication coverage for 5G systems are desired.As used herein, one or more aspects of a 5G network can comprise, but isnot limited to, data rates of several tens of megabits per second (Mbps)supported for tens of thousands of users; at least one gigabit persecond (Gbps) offered simultaneously to tens of users (e.g., tens ofworkers on the same office floor); several hundreds of thousands ofsimultaneous connections supported for massive sensor deployments;spectral efficiency significantly enhanced compared to 4G; improvementin coverage relative to 4G; signaling efficiency enhanced compared to4G; and/or latency significantly reduced compared to LTE.

Referring initially to FIG. 1, there illustrated is an example messagesequence flow chart 100 that can facilitate downlink data transfer,according to one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter. Asillustrated, the non-limiting message sequence flow chart 100 representsa message sequence between a network device 102 and a user equipment(UE) 104. In one example, the network device 102 can comprise most anyradio access network (RAN) device, for example, a network controller, anaccess point (e.g., eNodeB, gNodeB, etc.) or any number of other networkcomponents of a communication network (e.g., cellular network). Inanother example, the UE 104 can comprise, but are is limited to most anyindustrial automation device and/or consumer electronic device, forexample, a tablet computer, a digital media player, a wearable device, adigital camera, a media player, a cellular phone, a personal computer, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a gamingsystem, set top boxes, home security systems, an Internet of things(IoT) device, a connected vehicle, at least partially automated vehicle(e.g., drones), etc.

During downlink data transfer, one or more pilot signals and/orreference signals 106 can be transmitted from the network device 102 tothe UE 104. As an example, the one or more pilot signals and/orreference signals 106 can be beamformed or non-beamformed. According tosome implementations, the one or more pilot signals and/or referencesignals 106 can be cell (e.g., network device) specific and/or mobiledevice specific. In an aspect, the downlink reference signals 106 cancomprise predefined signals occupying specific resource elements withinthe downlink time-frequency grid. There are several types of downlinkreference signals 106 that are transmitted in different ways and usedfor different purposes by the receiving terminal. For example, thedownlink reference signals 106 can comprise CSI reference signals(CSI-RS) that are specifically intended to be used by terminals toacquire channel-state information (CSI) and beam specific information(beam RSRP). In 5G networks, CSI-RS is UE specific so it can have asignificantly lower time/frequency density. Additionally oralternatively, the downlink reference signals 106 can comprisedemodulation reference signals (DM-RS) and/or UE-specific referencesignals that are specifically intended to be used by terminals forchannel estimation for data channel. The term “UE-specific” relates tothe fact that each demodulation reference signal is intended for channelestimation by a single terminal. That specific reference signal is thenonly transmitted within the resource blocks assigned for data trafficchannel transmission to that particular terminal. Further, the downlinkreference signals 106 can comprise other reference signals, for example,phase tracking and tracking and sounding reference signals.

Based on the one or more pilot signals and/or reference signals 106, theUE 104 can compute the channel estimates and can determine (e.g., cancompute) the one or more parameters needed for channel state information(CSI) reporting, as indicated at 108. The CSI report can comprise, forexample, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index(PMI), rank information (RI), the best subband indices, best beamindices, and so on, or any number of other types of information.

The CSI report can be sent from the UE 104 to the network device 102 viaa feedback channel (e.g., uplink control or feedback channel 108). TheCSI report can be sent on a periodic basis or on-demand (e.g., aperiodicCSI reporting). The network device 102, which can comprise a scheduler,can use the CSI report for choosing the parameters for scheduling of theUE 104. As an example, the parameters can comprise, but are not limitedto, transmission power, modulation coding scheme (MCS), primary resourceblocks (PRBs), etc. In one aspect, the network device 102 can send thescheduling parameters to the UE 104 in a downlink control channel (e.g.,adaptive downlink control channel 110), referred to as the PhysicalDownlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The PDCCH carries information aboutthe scheduling grants, such as but not limited to, number of multipleinput, multiple output (MIMO) layers scheduled, transport block sizes,modulation for each codeword, parameters related to hybrid automaticrepeat request (HARQ), sub band locations and/or precoding matrix indexcorresponding to that sub bands. In one aspect, the PDCCH employs adefined format (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) format) totransmit the following information: Localized/Distributed virtualresource block (VRB) assignment flag; Resource block assignment;Modulation and coding scheme for each transport block (TB); HARQ processnumber; New data indicator for each TB; Redundancy version (RV) for eachTB; Transmit Power Control (TPC) command for uplink control channel;Downlink assignment index; Precoding matrix index; Number of layers;etc.

Conventional systems utilize two bits per TB for transmission of the RVwithin the PDCCH. In contrast, the network device 102 can reduce thenumber of bits utilized for RV indication, for example, by employing anadaptive structure for the downlink control channel 110. Since asystematic code, for example LDPC, is utilized during encoding the codeblocks, RV0 is typically utilized for first transmissions (e.g. not aretransmission). Accordingly, in one example, for first transmissionsthe RV can be indicated implicitly (e.g., by only explicitly indicatingthat the transmission is a first transmission) and for subsequenttransmissions (e.g., retransmission) the RV can be indicated explicitly(e.g., by employing dedicated bits to define the RV). In anotherexample, the RV can be indicated by employing an adaptive bit load. Inyet another example, the RV can be indicated by employing joint encodingof the RV and the New data indicator (NDI). Since the size of thedownlink control channel 110 is reduced, the power utilized fortransmitting the downlink control channel 110 can be decreased andutilized for data transmission. With improved data transmission power,the link and system throughput can be significantly improved.

After the scheduling parameter information has been transmitted, theactual data transfer can take place from the network device 102 to theUE 104 over the data traffic channel 112. In NR, for data transfer, codeblock segmentation can be applied prior to encoding the transport block(e.g., communication data that is to be transferred). Code blocksegmentation refers to a process of dividing the transport block intosmaller code blocks, the sizes of which should correspond to a codeblock size supported by the encoder. When the code blocks are receivedby the UE 104, the UE 104 can utilize error correction techniques (e.g.,forward error correction (FEC)) to determine if any errors have occurredduring transmission. If such errors are not detected and the code blockshave been decoded correctly, the UE 104 can provide an acknowledge (ACK)message to the network device 102. Alternatively, if one or more of thecode blocks have errors, the UE 104 can provide a negativeacknowledgement (NAK) message.

Further, in NR, rate-matching is utilized to extract an exact set ofbits to be transmitted within a given Transmission Time Interval (TTI).As an example, the rate-matching for turbo coded transport channels isdefined for each code block and there are three main steps composing arate-matching, for example, sub-block interleaver, bit collection, andbit selection. Finally, after the rate-matching, each individuallyprocessed code block is to be concatenated and transferred to amodulation block (e.g., a mapper). The sub-block interleaver is definedfor each output stream from turbo coding. The streams include asystematic bit stream, a parity bit stream and an interleaved paritystream. The bit collection step concatenates the three-bit streams (thesystematic bit stream, parity bit stream and interleaved parity stream)together. The bit selection extracts consecutive bits from the circularbuffer to the extent that fits into the assigned physical resource.Combined with the turbo coding, the circular buffer can puncture orrepeat the collected coded bits to achieve an alterable channel codingrate under different scenarios.

To enable the operation of Incremental Redundancy (IR) based HARQ, therate-matching can provide different subsets of the code block fordifferent transmissions of a packet. The RV provides informationregarding starting points of bit selection, for example, within acircular buffer. In the case of the first transmission of each codedblock (RV=0), puncturing a small amount of systematic bits. Namely,instead of reading out data from the beginning of systematic bit stream,the output of the circular buffer starts from a specified point. In thecase of HARQ retransmission, the starting point of extracting bits willbe configured according to a specified RV (RV=RV1, RV2, or RV3).

Although the disclosure has been described with respect to a downlinkcontrol channel structure, it is noted that the disclosure is not solimited and that the aspects described herein can be applied to uplinkand/or side link data transmission schemes. In addition, the embodimentsdisclosed herein are applicable to single carrier, multi carrier, and/orcarrier aggregation (e.g., wherein the UE can receive and/or transmitdata to more than one serving cells using MIMO) transmission schemes. Itis noted that the term carrier aggregation is also referred to (e.g.interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”, “multi-cell operation”,“multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier” transmission and/orreception.

Referring now to FIG. 2, there illustrated is an example system 200 thattransmits a control signal that adheres to an adaptive downlink controlchannel structure, in accordance with an aspect of the subjectdisclosure. It is noted that the network device 102 can comprisefunctionality as more fully described herein, for example, as describedabove with regard to system 100. The various aspects discussed hereincan facilitate improved coverage in a wireless communications system.Although system 200 has been described with respect to a 5G network, itis noted that the subject disclosure is not limited to 5G networks andcan be utilized in most any communication network.

During data transmission, the network device 102 can utilize asystematic code, for example, LDPC code to add parity bits for errorcorrection. In one example, during a first step of the physical-layerprocessing, a 24-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is calculated for andappended to each TB. The CRC allows for receiver-side detection oferrors in the decoded transport block. The corresponding errorindication can, for example, be used by the downlink hybrid-ARQ protocolas a trigger for requesting retransmissions. If the transport block,including the transport-block CRC, exceeds the maximum code-block size(e.g., 8448 for base graph 2 and 3840 for Base graph 2), code-blocksegmentation is applied before the LDPC coding. During code-blocksegmentation, the TB is segmented into smaller code blocks, the sizes ofwhich match the set of code-block sizes supported by a LDPC coder.

In the case of a single code block when no segmentation is needed, noadditional code-block CRC is applied. Typically, code-block segmentationis applied to large transport blocks for which the relative extraoverhead due to the additional transport block CRC is small. Informationabout the TB size is provided to the UE as part of the schedulingassignment transmitted on the PDCCH control channel. Based on thisinformation, the UE can determine the code-block size and number of codeblocks. The UE receiver can thus, based on the information provided inthe scheduling assignment, straightforwardly undo or assemble thecode-block segmentation and recover the decoded transport blocks.

Referring back to FIG. 2, a rate matching component 202 is utilized forrate matching the transmission, after the information bits are segmentedand encoded using LDPC code (either base graph 1 or 2). In one aspect,the rate matching component 202 can utilize a circular buffer (e.g.,with four redundancy versions) for rate matching each code block. Thestarting positions of each RV is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 k₀ rv_(id) Base graph 1 Base graph 2 0 0 0 1$\left\lfloor \frac{17N_{cb}}{66Z_{c}} \right\rfloor Z_{c}$$\left\lfloor \frac{13N_{cb}}{50Z_{c}} \right\rfloor Z_{c}$ 2$\left\lfloor \frac{33N_{cb}}{66Z_{c}} \right\rfloor Z_{c}$$\left\lfloor \frac{25N_{cb}}{50Z_{c}} \right\rfloor Z_{c}$ 3$\left\lfloor \frac{56N_{cb}}{66Z_{c}} \right\rfloor Z_{c}$$\left\lfloor \frac{43N_{cb}}{50Z_{c}} \right\rfloor Z_{c}$

For each transmission, the network device 102 can inform the UE which RVit is currently scheduling. The RV is communicated via the downlinkcontrol channel for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)transmission and downlink control channel (grant channel) for uplinkdata transmission. As an example, The RV specifies which set of errordetecting (ED), FEC, and/or data bits are being transmitted. as anotherexample, the RV conveys to the UE information regarding an amount ofredundancy added into the code block while turbo encoding.

The DCI structure determination component 204 can be utilized todetermine a variable-length (e.g., comprising a reduced number of bits)structure and/or format for the downlink control channel. In one aspect,a first DCI structure utilized for a first (or initial) transmission ofa TB can be different from a second DCI structure utilized for aretransmission of the TB. For example, the first DCI structure canexclude bits utilized to indicate RV (implicitly indicating RV=RV0) andthe second DCI structure can include bits (e.g., two bits for each TB)to specify RV (e.g., explicitly indicate RV=RV0, RV1, RV2, or RV3). Inanother aspect, the DCI structure determination component 204 cangenerate a DCI structure that includes a newly-defined single bit (e.g.,a bit/flag dedicated for RV indication) that can be utilized to indicatewhether additional bits indicative of RV will be present within thestructure. For example, the newly-defined single bit is set to 0 forRV=RV0 and if set to 1, then additional bits (e.g., two additional bits)are used for each TB to indicate the RV (RV=RV1, RV2, or RV3) for thetransmission. In yet another aspect, the DCI structure determinationcomponent 204 can generate a DCI structure that comprises a jointlyencoded field for RV and NDI instead of using separate fields.Accordingly, the adaptable DCI structures determined via DCI structuredetermination component 204 can comprise fewer bits than the number ofbits utilized by conventional DCI structures to convey RV. Typically,the NDI bit informs the UE whether the data is new or a retransmission.If NDI bit is toggled i.e. different from the one sent in previoustransmission, then, it means new data is transmitted in downlink for thegiven HARQ process.

According to an embodiment, a transmission component 206 can be utilizedto transmit the downlink control channel adhering to the adaptable DCIstructure specified via DCI structure determination component 204. Sincethe number of bits utilized to indicate RV is reduced, the powerutilized for transmitting downlink control channel is reduced and can beutilized for data transmission. Hence, with improved data transmissionpower, the link and system throughput are significantly improved. MIMOsystems can significantly increase the data carrying capacity ofwireless systems. For these reasons, MIMO is an integral part of the 3rdand 4th generation wireless systems. 5G systems can also employ MIMOsystems also called massive MIMO systems (hundreds of antennas at theTransmitter side and/Receiver side). Typically, with a (Nt, Nr), whereNt denotes the number of transmit antennas and Nr denotes the receiveantennas, the peak data rate multiplies with a factor of Nt over singleantenna systems in rich scattering environment.

In some embodiments, the network device 102 can comprise a radio networknode that can comprise any type of network node that serves one or moreUEs and/or that is coupled to other network nodes or network elements orany radio node from where the one or more UEs receive a signal. Examplesof radio network nodes are Node B, base station (BS), multi-standardradio (MSR) node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, network controller,radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay,donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), accesspoint (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes indistributed antenna system (DAS) etc.

Cloud radio access networks (RAN) can enable the implementation ofconcepts such as software-defined network (SDN) and network functionvirtualization (NFV) in 5G networks. This disclosure can facilitate ageneric channel state information framework design for a 5G network.Certain embodiments of this disclosure can comprise an SDN controllerthat can control routing of traffic within the network and between thenetwork and traffic destinations. The SDN controller can be merged withthe 5G network architecture to enable service deliveries via openapplication programming interfaces (APIs) and move the network coretowards an all Internet protocol (IP), cloud based, and software driventelecommunications network. The SDN controller can work with, or takethe place of Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) network elementsso that policies such as quality of service and traffic management androuting can be synchronized and managed end to end.

To meet the huge demand for data centric applications, 4G standards canbe applied to 5G, also called NR access. 5G networks can comprise thefollowing: data rates of several tens of megabits per second supportedfor tens of thousands of users; 1 gigabit per second can be offeredsimultaneously (or concurrently) to tens of workers on the same officefloor; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous (or concurrent)connections can be supported for massive sensor deployments; spectralefficiency can be enhanced compared to 4G; improved coverage; enhancedsignaling efficiency; and reduced latency compared to LTE. Inmulticarrier system such as OFDM, each subcarrier can occupy bandwidth(e.g., subcarrier spacing). If the carriers use the same bandwidthspacing, then it can be considered a single numerology. However, if thecarriers occupy different bandwidth and/or spacing, then it can beconsidered a multiple numerology.

Typically, the communication link-system performance is enhanced withthe use of forward error correction (FEC) code. When FEC is applied tothe transport block, additional parity bits are added to the informationbits. These additional parity bits protect the information bits whenpassed through a communication channel. Based on the performance inadditive white Gaussian channels (AWGN), low-density parity check (LDPC)codes can be utilized as the channel coding scheme for encoding datachannel in downlink and/or uplink direction. However, it is noted thatthe specification is not limited to utilization of LDPC codes. LDPCcodes are a class of linear block codes where the parity check matrix issparse (low density of 1s). When iterative decoding is applied at thereceiver, these codes are known to perform close to Shannon capacitywith less decoding complexity. Although increasing the number of paritybits can provide improved control channel reception, the additionalparity bits can significantly increase signaling overhead of the controlchannel and decrease the number resource elements available for datatransmission. To decrease signaling overhead, while maintainingreliability, system 200 employs DCI data structures that are adaptableand/or utilize fewer bits to convey RV information to a UE. Although,the specification describes redundancy version indication in DCI forPDSCH, the aspects disclosed herein are not limited to PDSCH and canapplicable for redundancy version indication in DCI for Physical UplinkShared Channel (PUSCH) transmission.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there illustrated are example adaptive downlinkcontrol channel structures 300, in accordance with an aspect of thesubject disclosure. It is noted that the adaptive downlink controlchannel structures 300 can be determined by the DCI structuredetermination component 204.

Typically, in 5G NR, the first transmission (e.g., not a retransmission)for PDSCH and/or PUSCH is scheduled with RV0. Further, a single bit, forexample, a New Data Indicator (NDI), is utilized to indicate firsttransmissions for each TB. Accordingly, for the first transmission,without indicating RV explicitly, the NDI bit can be utilized to informthe UE that this is first transmission and RV0 is to be used for thistransmission. Hence, the DCI structure 302 can be employed, wherein theNDI bit is set to 1 and the bits (e.g., two bits) for RV are excludedfrom the structure. For retransmission, the DCI structure 304 can beemployed, wherein the NDI bit is set to 0 (e.g., to indicate aretransmission) and the bits (e.g., two bits) for RV are included withinthe structure.

Referring now to FIG. 4, there illustrated is an example graph 400 thatdepicts the frame erasure rate (FER) for DCI transmission using aconventional technique for first transmission and the FER for DCItransmission using the DCI structure 302 for first transmission. Asshown, the FER while using the structure DCI 302 is less than that whileusing conventional techniques (that utilize a DCI structure comprisingtwo dedicated bits for conveying RV for each TB) and thus, coverage canbe improved by employing the structure DCI 302.

Referring now to FIG. 5, there illustrated are example payloadstructures 500, in accordance with an aspect of the subject disclosure.It is noted that the adaptive payload structures 500 can be determinedby the DCI structure determination component 204.

In this example scenario, the network uses RV0 for every transmissioni.e. HARQ-Chase combining (HARQ-CC), and thus, the network device (e.g.,network device 102) can utilize a single bit to indicate this ratherthan using two bits to indicate RV. In one embodiment, a new bit isutilized to differentiate between HARQ-CC and HARQ-incrementalRedundancy (IR). If that bit is set to 0 (HARQ-CC), the UE is todetermine that RV0 is used for the current transmission. Alternatively,if that bit is set to 1 (HARQ-IR), then additional two bits are used foreach TB to indicate the RV for the current transmission. Accordingly,when the UE detects that the bit is set to 1, it can then detect theadditional two bits to determine the RV. Data structure 502 depictsHARQ-CC, wherein only one bit is utilized to indicate HARQ-CC andimplicitly indicate that RV0 is utilized for the transmission. Further,data structure 504 depicts HARQ-IR, wherein three bits are used toindicate RV (e.g., one bit indicates HARQ-IR and two bits explicitlyindicate the RV). In one embodiment, the differentiating bit is used foreach TB e.g., individual differentiating bits. In another embodiment,only a single bit is used to differentiate between HARQ-CC and HARQ-IRfor all TB. Although in the above example the bit is set to 1 toindicate HARQ-IR and set to 0 to indicate HARQ-CC, the subjectspecification is not so limited and alternatively, the bit can be set to1 to indicate HARQ-CC and set to 0 to indicate HARQ-IR.

Referring now to FIG. 6, there illustrated is an example DCI structure500 that utilizes a joint encoding of RV and NDI fields, in accordancewith an aspect of the subject disclosure. It is noted that the DCIstructure 600 can be determined by the DCI structure determinationcomponent 204.

In this example, the DCI structure 600 can comprise a common field forindicating RV and NDI for each TB. As an example, the common fieldcomprises two bits that are encoded as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Joint Indication RV NDI 00 0 1 01 RV1 0 10 RV2 0 11 RV3 0

The DCI structure 600 can be utilized for first transmissions and/orretransmissions. Since only two bits are utilized to convey RV and NDIinformation (instead of 3 bits), the signaling overhead can be reducedfor each TB.

Referring now to FIG. 7, there illustrated is an example system 700 thatreceives a control signal that adheres to an adaptive downlink controlchannel structure, according to an aspect of the subject disclosure. Itis noted that the UE 104 can comprise functionality as more fullydescribed herein, for example, as described above with regard to system100. Although system 700 has been described with respect to a NRnetwork, it is noted that the subject disclosure is not limited to NRnetworks and can be utilized in most any communication network.

In one aspect, during data communication a reception component 702 canreceive, via a message that conforms to an adaptive DCI format,scheduling parameters related to a data transfer via a downlink controlchannel. Subsequent to the receiving of the scheduling parameters, thereception component 702 can receive data transfer of code blocks thathave been generated during code block segmentation applied to atransport block. The UE 104 can decode the code blocks and provideACK/NAK feedback (e.g., HARQ-ACK/NAK) to the network device based onerrors determined during the decoding.

In one embodiment, when the received message indicates that NDI=1, a RVdetermination component 704 determines that the message does notcomprise bits that provide RV indication and that RV0 is utilized forthe transmission. Further, when the received message indicates thatNDI=0, the RV determination component 704 determines that the messagecomprises bits that provide RV indication and determines the RV based onthe bits.

In another embodiment, the received message can comprise a new bit thatis reserved for differentiating between HARQ-CC and HARQ-IR. In thisexample embodiment, if the new bit is set to 0, the RV determinationcomponent 704 determines that the message does not comprise bits thatprovide RV indication and that RV0 is utilized for the transmission.Further, when the new bit is set to 1, the RV determination component704 determines that the message comprises bits that provide RVindication and determines the RV based on the bits.

In yet another embodiment, the received message can comprise a fieldthat uses joint encoding for RV and NDI for each TB. For example, the RVand NDI information is provided in 2 bits and is decoded by the RVdetermination component 704 using the information in Table 2.

FIGS. 8-11 illustrate flow diagrams and/or methods in accordance withthe disclosed subject matter. For simplicity of explanation, the flowdiagrams and/or methods are depicted and described as a series of acts.It is to be understood and noted that the various embodiments are notlimited by the acts illustrated and/or by the order of acts, for exampleacts can occur in various orders and/or concurrently, and with otheracts not presented and described herein. Furthermore, not allillustrated acts may be required to implement the flow diagrams and/ormethods in accordance with the disclosed subject matter. In addition,those skilled in the art will understand and note that the methods couldalternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states via astate diagram or events. Additionally, it should be further noted thatthe methods disclosed hereinafter and throughout this specification arecapable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitatetransporting and transferring such methods to computers. The termarticle of manufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass acomputer program accessible from any computer-readable device orcomputer-readable storage/communications media.

Referring now to FIG. 8 there illustrated is an example method 800 thatfacilitates a transmission of a control signal via an adaptive downlinkcontrol channel for RV indication, according to an aspect of the subjectdisclosure. In an aspect, method 800 can be implemented by one or morenetwork devices (e.g., network device 102) of a communication network(e.g., cellular network). At 802, an adaptive data structure (e.g., DCIformat) can be determined for implicitly indicating RV. For example, thedata structure does not comprise one or more dedicated bits for RVindication. Instead, RV0 can be indicated implicitly, for example, whenthe NDI bit is set to 1, or when a new bit for differentiating betweenHARQ-CC and HARQ-IR is set as 0 (indicating HARQ-CC).

At 804, downlink control channel information can be transmitted to a UEby employing the adaptive data structure. Based on the downlink controlinformation, a data traffic channel can be established between thenetwork device and the UE.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example method 900 for indicating RV using anadaptive downlink control channel, according to an aspect of the subjectdisclosure. As an example, method 900 can be implemented by one or morenetwork devices (e.g., network device 102) of a communication network(e.g., cellular network). At 902, first control information (e.g.,scheduling parameters) for a data transmission (a first and/or originaldata transmission) can be transmitted over a downlink control channel,via a first message that adheres to a first DCI format that does notexplicitly indicate RV. As an example, the first DCI format does notcomprise one or more bits reserved for explicit RV indication. Further,at 904, second control information (e.g., scheduling parameters) for adata retransmission can be transmitted over the downlink controlchannel, via a second message that adheres to a second DCI format thatexplicitly indicates RV. As an example, the second DCI format comprisesone or more bits reserved for explicit RV indication. Moreover, thelength of the second DCI format is greater than the length of the firstDCI format, since the second DCI format comprises additional bits forexplicit RV indication.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example method 1000 for indicating RV using anadaptive payload structure, according to an aspect of the subjectdisclosure. As an example, method 1000 can be implemented by one or morenetwork devices (e.g., network device 102) of a communication network(e.g., cellular network). At 1002, a single bit (e.g., flag) can bereserved only for differentiating between HARQ-CC (e.g., bit=0) andHARQ-IR (e.g., bit=1). As an example, the new bit can be added as anadditional bit to a DCI format. At 1004, it can be determined whetherHARQ-CC is utilized. If determined that HARQ-CC is to be utilized, thenat 1006, the bit can be set to 0 to indicate that HARQ-CC is beingutilized and implicitly indicate that RV0 is utilized for a datatransmission. Alternatively, if determined that HARQ-CC is not to beutilized, then at 1008, the bit can be set to 1 to indicate that HARQ-IRis being utilized and additional bits (e.g., two bits) can be providedwithin the DCI format to explicitly indicate the RV version (e.g., RV0,RV1, RV2, or RV3) utilized for the data transmission. In this examplescenario, the length of the DCI format during HARQ-CC is shorter thanthat during HARQ-IR.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example method 1100 for indicating RV using jointencoding of RV and NDI within a data structure, according to an aspectof the subject disclosure. As an example, method 1100 can be implementedby one or more network devices (e.g., network device 102) of acommunication network (e.g., cellular network). At 1102, joint encodingcan be utilized to combine RV and NDI information within a common field(e.g., as shown in Table 2). Moreover, the number of bits utilized bythe common field are less than that utilized if the RV and NDIinformation were to be indicated in separate fields. At 1104, controlinformation (e.g., for a data transmission and/or a data retransmission)is transmitted over a downlink control channel, wherein the controlinformation comprises the common field for conveying the RV and NDIinformation.

In one aspect, the systems 100-200 and methods 800-1100 disclosed hereinprovide various non-limiting advantages, for example, (i) reducedsignaling overhead for downlink control channel, there by efficientlyallocating the resources for control channel; (ii) reducing powerutilized for transmitting downlink control channel; (iii) increasingpower utilized for data transmission; (iv) reducing FER; (v) improvingcoverage and/or capacity; (vi) improving the link and system throughput;etc.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example system 1200 for coding a PDSCH, accordingto an aspect of the disclosure. System 1200 depicts a transmission sideof a MIMO communication system with Nt transmit antennas. As an example,two transport blocks (1202 ₁, 1202 ₂) are depicted. It is noted that thenumber of transport blocks is equal to one when the number of layers isless than or equal to 4. If the number of layers is more than 4, then 2transport blocks are transmitted. The CRC bits are added to eachtransport block and passed to the channel encoder (1204 ₁, 1204 ₂). Asan example, most any systematic code, such as but not limited to LDPCcan be utilized as the FEC. The channel encoder (1204 ₁, 1204 ₂) addsparity bits to protect the data. After encoding the data stream isscrambled with user specific scrambling. Then the stream is passedthrough an interleaver and modulator (1206 ₁, 1206 ₂). The interleaversize is adaptively controlled (by adaptive controller 1208) bypuncturing to increase the data rate. The adaptation is done by usingthe information from the feedback channel, for example CSI 1210 sent bythe receiver (e.g., UE104). The interleaved data is passed through asymbol mapper (modulator). The symbol mapper is also controlled by theadaptive controller 1208. After the modulation, the streams are passedthrough a layer mapper 1212 and a precoder 1214. The resultant symbolsare mapped to the resources elements in the time-frequency grid oforthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), for example, by theRE-mappers (1216 ₁, 1216 ₂). The resultant streams are then optionallypassed through inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) blocks (1218 ₁,1218 ₂). It is noted that IFFT block are utilized for some communicationsystems that implement OFDMA as the access technology (e.g., 5G,LTE/LTE-A). The encoded stream is then transmitted through therespective antenna. Although system 1200 has been described with respectto a NR network, it is noted that the subject disclosure is not limitedto NR networks and can be utilized in most any communication network.

Referring now to FIG. 13, illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample UE 1300 operable to engage in a system architecture thatfacilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. UE 104 described herein is substantially similar to UE1300 and can comprise functionality as more fully, for example, asdescribed herein with regard to UE 1300.

The following discussion is intended to provide a brief, generaldescription of an example of a suitable environment in which the variousembodiments can be implemented. While the description includes a generalcontext of computer-executable instructions embodied on amachine-readable storage medium, those skilled in the art will recognizethat the innovation also can be implemented in combination with otherprogram modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

The UE includes a processor 1302 for controlling and processing allonboard operations and functions. A memory 1304 interfaces to theprocessor 1302 for storage of data and one or more applications 1306(e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.).Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voicecommands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 1306 can be stored in the memory 1304 and/or in a firmware1308, and executed by the processor 1302 from either or both the memory1304 or/and the firmware 1308. The firmware 1308 can also store startupcode for execution in initializing the UE 1300. A communicationscomponent 1310 interfaces to the processor 1302 to facilitatewired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellularnetworks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component1310 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 1311 (e.g., a GSMtransceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 1313 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax)for corresponding signal communications. The UE 1300 can be a devicesuch as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communicationscapabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communicationscomponent 1310 also facilitates communications reception fromterrestrial radio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radionetworks, and Internet-based radio services networks.

The UE 1300 includes a display 1312 for displaying text, images, video,telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setup functions, andfor user input. For example, the display 1312 can also be referred to asa “screen” that can accommodate the presentation of multimedia content(e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics, etc.). The display1312 can also display videos and can facilitate the generation, editingand sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface 1314 is provided incommunication with the processor 1302 to facilitate wired and/orwireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE 1394) through ahardwire connection, and other serial input devices (e.g., a keyboard,keypad, and mouse). This supports updating and troubleshooting the UE1300, for example. Audio capabilities are provided with an audio I/Ocomponent 1316, which can include a speaker for the output of audiosignals related to, for example, indication that the user pressed theproper key or key combination to initiate the user feedback signal. Theaudio I/O component 1316 also facilitates the input of audio signalsthrough a microphone to record data and/or telephony voice data, and forinputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The UE 1300 can include a slot interface 1318 for accommodating a SIC(Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card SubscriberIdentity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 1320, and interfacing the SIMcard 1320 with the processor 1302. However, it is to be appreciated thatthe SIM card 1320 can be manufactured into the UE 1300, and updated bydownloading data and software.

The UE 1300 can process IP data traffic through the communicationscomponent 1310 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the UE 1300 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or a decoded format.

A video processing component 1322 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 1322can aid in facilitating the generation, editing, and sharing of videoquotes. The UE 1300 also includes a power source 1324 in the form ofbatteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 1324 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 1326.

The UE 1300 can also comprise a video component 1330 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 1330 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location-trackingcomponent 1332 facilitates geographically locating the UE 1300. Asdescribed hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates thefeedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 1334facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The userinput component 1334 can also facilitate the generation, editing andsharing of video quotes. The user input component 1334 can include suchconventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 1306, a hysteresis component 1336facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 1338 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 1336 when the Wi-Fi transceiver1313 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 1340 enablesthe UE 1300 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber withthe SIP registrar server. The applications 1306 can also include aclient 1342 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play andstore of multimedia content, for example, music.

The UE 1300, as indicated above related to the communications component1310, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 1313 (e.g., Wi-Fitransceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, such as IEEE802.11, for the dual-mode GSM UE 1300. The UE 1300 can accommodate atleast satellite radio services through a UE that can combine wirelessvoice and digital radio chipsets into a single handheld device. Further,UE 1300 can comprise the reception component 702 and the RVdetermination component 704, which can comprise functionality as morefully described herein, for example, as described above with regard tosystem 700.

Referring now to FIG. 14, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputer 1402 operable to execute the disclosed communicationarchitecture. In order to provide additional context for various aspectsof the disclosed subject matter, FIG. 14 and the following discussionare intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitablecomputing environment 1400 in which the various aspects of thespecification can be implemented. While the specification has beendescribed above in the general context of computer-executableinstructions that can run on one or more computers, those skilled in theart will recognize that the specification also can be implemented incombination with other program modules and/or as a combination ofhardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will note that the inventive methods can be practicedwith other computer system configurations, comprising single-processoror multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers,as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

The illustrated aspects of the specification can also be practiced indistributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed byremote processing devices that are linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can belocated in both local and remote memory storage devices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, solid statedrive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, Compact Disk ReadOnly Memory (CD ROM), digital video disk (DVD), Blu-ray disk, or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store the desired information and which can be accessed bythe computer. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory”herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are tobe understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se asmodifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memoryor computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitorysignals per se.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF),infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the aboveshould also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

With reference again to FIG. 14, the example environment 1400 forimplementing various aspects of the specification comprises a computer1402, the computer 1402 comprising a processing unit 1404, a systemmemory 1406 and a system bus 1408. As an example, the component(s),application(s) server(s), equipment, system(s), interface(s),gateway(s), controller(s), node(s), entity(ies), function(s), cloud(s)and/or device(s) (e.g., network device 102, UE 104, rate matchingcomponent 202, DCI structure determination component 204, transmissioncomponent 206, reception component 702, RV determination component 704,UE 1300, etc.) disclosed herein with respect to systems 100, 200, 700,1200, and 1300 can each comprise at least a portion of the computer1402. The system bus 1408 couples system components comprising, but notlimited to, the system memory 1406 to the processing unit 1404. Theprocessing unit 1404 can be any of various commercially availableprocessors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architecturescan also be employed as the processing unit 1404.

The system bus 1408 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1406comprises read-only memory (ROM) 1410 and random access memory (RAM)1412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatilememory 1410 such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basicroutines that help to transfer information between elements within thecomputer 1402, such as during startup. The RAM 1412 can also comprise ahigh-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1414, which internal hard disk drive 1414 can also be configured forexternal use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy diskdrive (FDD) 1416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette1418) and an optical disk drive 1420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 1422or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such asthe DVD). The hard disk drive 1414, magnetic disk drive 1416 and opticaldisk drive 1420 can be connected to the system bus 1408 by a hard diskdrive interface 1424, a magnetic disk drive interface 1426 and anoptical drive interface 1428, respectively. The interface 1424 forexternal drive implementations comprises at least one or both ofUniversal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interface technologies. Otherexternal drive connection technologies are within contemplation of thesubject disclosure.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1402, the drives andstorage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digitalformat. Although the description of computer-readable storage mediaabove refers to a HDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removableoptical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be noted by those skilledin the art that other types of storage media which are readable by acomputer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards,solid-state disks (SSD), cartridges, and the like, can also be used inthe example operating environment, and further, that any such storagemedia can contain computer-executable instructions for performing themethods of the specification.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1412,comprising an operating system 1430, one or more application programs1432, other program modules 1434 and program data 1436. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1412. It is noted that the specification can beimplemented with various commercially available operating systems orcombinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1438 and/or apointing device, such as a mouse 1440 or a touchscreen or touchpad (notillustrated). These and other input devices are often connected to theprocessing unit 1404 through an input device interface 1442 that iscoupled to the system bus 1408, but can be connected by otherinterfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a gameport, a USB port, an IR interface, etc. A monitor 1444 or other type ofdisplay device is also connected to the system bus 1408 via aninterface, such as a video adapter 1446.

The computer 1402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1448. The remotecomputer(s) 1448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer1402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device1450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprisewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1452 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1454. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1402 isconnected to the local network 1452 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1456. The adapter 1456 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1452, which canalso comprise a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicatingwith the wireless adapter 1456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1402 cancomprise a modem 1458, or is connected to a communications server on theWAN 1454, or has other means for establishing communications over theWAN 1454, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1458, which can beinternal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to thesystem bus 1408 via the serial port interface 1442. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1402, orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1450. It will be noted that the network connections shown are exampleand other means of establishing a communications link between thecomputers can be used.

The computer 1402 is operable to communicate with any wireless devicesor entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g.,desktop and/or portable computer, server, communications satellite, etc.This comprises at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™ wireless technologies orother communication technologies. Thus, the communication can be apredefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity networks use radio technologies called IEEE802.11 (a, b, g, n, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wirelessconnectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to eachother, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 orEthernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radiobands, at an 11 Mbps (802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, forexample, or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so thenetworks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseTwired Ethernet networks used in many offices.

As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” canrefer to substantially any computing processing unit or devicecomprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors;single-processors with software multithread execution capability;multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithreadexecution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithreadtechnology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributedshared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integratedcircuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), aprogrammable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device(CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures suchas, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors,switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhanceperformance of user equipment. A processor may also be implemented as acombination of computing processing units.

In the subject specification, terms such as “data store,” data storage,”“database,” “cache,” and substantially any other information storagecomponent relevant to operation and functionality of a component, referto “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or componentscomprising the memory. It will be noted that the memory components, orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation,nonvolatile memory can comprise read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM(PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM(EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can comprise random accessmemory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way ofillustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such assynchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM),double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), SynchlinkDRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, thedisclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended tocomprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any othersuitable types of memory.

Referring now to FIG. 15, there is illustrated a schematic block diagramof a computing environment 1500 in accordance with the subjectspecification. The system 1500 comprises one or more client(s) 1502. Theclient(s) 1502 can be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads,processes, computing devices).

The system 1500 also comprises one or more server(s) 1504. The server(s)1504 can also be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes,computing devices). The servers 1504 can house threads to performtransformations by employing the specification, for example. Onepossible communication between a client 1502 and a server 1504 can be inthe form of a data packet adapted to be transmitted between two or morecomputer processes. The data packet may comprise a cookie and/orassociated contextual information, for example. The system 1500comprises a communication framework 1506 (e.g., a global communicationnetwork such as the Internet, cellular network, etc.) that can beemployed to facilitate communications between the client(s) 1502 and theserver(s) 1504.

Communications can be facilitated via a wired (comprising optical fiber)and/or wireless technology. The client(s) 1502 are operatively connectedto one or more client data store(s) 1508 that can be employed to storeinformation local to the client(s) 1502 (e.g., cookie(s) and/orassociated contextual information). Similarly, the server(s) 1504 areoperatively connected to one or more server data store(s) 1510 that canbe employed to store information local to the servers 1504.

What has been described above comprises examples of the presentspecification. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methods for purposes ofdescribing the present specification, but one of ordinary skill in theart may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of thepresent specification are possible. Accordingly, the presentspecification is intended to embrace all such alterations, modificationsand variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appendedclaims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “comprises” is used ineither the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended tobe inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a processor; and a memorythat stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: determininga data structure for control information associated with a transmissionof data from a transmitter device to a receiver device, wherein thefirst data structure comprises a two-bit field that jointly indicates aredundancy version and a new data indicator for the transmission, and: afirst value of the two-bit field indicates a first redundancy versionand that a first in time transmission of the data is scheduled for thetransmission, and a second value of the two-bit field indicates a secondredundancy version and that a retransmission of the data is scheduledfor the transmission.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second valueof the two-bit field further indicates that the second redundancyversion equals redundancy version one.
 3. The system of claim 1, whereinthe first value of the two-bit field further indicates that the firstredundancy version equals redundancy version zero.
 4. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the data structure further comprises a bit thatindicates that the transmission is a chase-combining hybrid automaticrepeat request.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the data structurefurther comprises a bit that indicates that the retransmission is anincremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request.
 6. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the second value of the two-bit field further indicatesthat the second redundancy version equals redundancy version two or thatsecond redundancy version equals redundancy version three.
 7. The systemof claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: directing, from thetransmitter device to the receiver device, the control information thatadheres to the data structure.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein thetransmitter device is an access point device of a communication network,and wherein the receiver device is a user equipment coupled to theaccess point device.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the receiverdevice is an access point device of a communication network, and whereinthe transmitter device is a user equipment coupled to the access pointdevice.
 10. A method, comprising: determining, by a system comprising aprocessor, an adaptable data structure for control informationassociated with a transmission of data from a transmitter device to areceiver device, wherein the first data structure comprises a two-bitfield that jointly indicates a redundancy version and a new dataindicator for the transmission, and: a first value of the two-bit fieldindicates a first redundancy version and that a first in timetransmission of the data is scheduled for the transmission, and a secondvalue of the two-bit field indicates a second redundancy version andthat a retransmission of the data is scheduled for the transmission; anddirecting, by the system, the control information from the transmitterdevice to the receiver device, wherein the control information conformsto the adaptable data structure.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein thesecond value of the two-bit field further indicates that the secondredundancy version equals redundancy version one.
 12. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the first value of the two-bit field further indicatesthat the first redundancy version equals redundancy version zero. 13.The method of claim 10, wherein the data structure further comprises abit that indicates that the transmission is a chase-combining hybridautomatic repeat request.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the datastructure further comprises a bit that indicates that the retransmissionis an incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request.
 15. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the second value of the two-bit fieldfurther indicates that the second redundancy version equals redundancyversion two.
 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the second value of thetwo-bit field further indicates that the second redundancy versionequals redundancy version three.
 17. A machine-readable storage medium,comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor,facilitate performance of operations, comprising: determining a datastructure for control information associated with a transmission of datafrom a transmitter device to a receiver device, wherein the first datastructure comprises a two-bit field that jointly indicates a redundancyversion and a new data indicator for the transmission, and: a firstvalue of the two-bit field indicates a first redundancy version and thata first in time transmission of the data is scheduled for thetransmission, and a second value of the two-bit field indicates a secondredundancy version and that a retransmission of the data is scheduledfor the transmission.
 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim17, wherein the redundancy version defines a starting point forextracting bits from a systematic bit stream associated with a transportblock.
 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein thetransport block is encoded based on a systematic code.
 20. Themachine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the redundancyversion is determined based on a circular buffer utilized for ratematching.